GDF-11 vs NR
A side-by-side research comparison of GDF-11 and NR across mechanism, dosing, half-life, benefits, side effects and research status.
Comparison table
| Attribute | GDF-11 | NR |
|---|---|---|
| Full name | Growth Differentiation Factor 11 | Nicotinamide Riboside |
| Category | Anti-Aging | Anti-Aging |
| Status | Research compound | Dietary compound (clinical studies) |
| Mechanism | Signals through activin type II receptors and SMAD2/3 to restore stem cell function, promote neurogenesis, and improve vascular remodeling in the context of aging. | Converted to NMN and then NAD+ via the salvage pathway (NRK enzymes). Higher NAD+ supports sirtuins, DNA repair, and mitochondrial energy production. |
| Molecular weight | 12,500 Da | 255.25 Da |
| Half-life | 6-8 hours | Short; rapidly converted to NAD+ |
| Bioavailability | Moderate (SubQ/IV) | Oral absorption well documented |
| Typical dose | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg (research) | 250-1000 mg per day |
| Frequency | Daily (animal studies) | Once daily |
| Route | Subcutaneous | Oral |
GDF-11 reported benefits
- Potential tissue rejuvenation
- Neurogenesis stimulation
- Cardiac hypertrophy reversal
- Muscle stem cell activation
- Vascular remodeling
NR reported benefits
- Raises NAD+ levels
- Supports mitochondrial energy
- Well-studied oral safety
- Studied for metabolic and cardiovascular health
Related comparisons
Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.