GDF-11 vs NMN
A side-by-side research comparison of GDF-11 and NMN across mechanism, dosing, half-life, benefits, side effects and research status.
Comparison table
| Attribute | GDF-11 | NMN |
|---|---|---|
| Full name | Growth Differentiation Factor 11 | Nicotinamide Mononucleotide |
| Category | Anti-Aging | Anti-Aging |
| Status | Research compound | Dietary compound (research ongoing) |
| Mechanism | Signals through activin type II receptors and SMAD2/3 to restore stem cell function, promote neurogenesis, and improve vascular remodeling in the context of aging. | NMN is converted to NAD+ via the NAD+ salvage pathway (through NMNAT enzymes). Higher NAD+ supports sirtuin activity, PARP-mediated DNA repair, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. |
| Molecular weight | 12,500 Da | 334.22 Da |
| Half-life | 6-8 hours | Short; rapidly taken up and converted to NAD+ |
| Bioavailability | Moderate (SubQ/IV) | Oral absorption reported; sublingual and injectable forms also used |
| Typical dose | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg (research) | 250-1000 mg per day |
| Frequency | Daily (animal studies) | Once daily |
| Route | Subcutaneous | Oral (capsule/sublingual) |
GDF-11 reported benefits
- Potential tissue rejuvenation
- Neurogenesis stimulation
- Cardiac hypertrophy reversal
- Muscle stem cell activation
- Vascular remodeling
NMN reported benefits
- Raises cellular NAD+ levels
- Supports mitochondrial energy production
- Promotes DNA repair via sirtuins/PARPs
- Studied for metabolic and vascular health
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Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.