FOXO4-DRI vs SS-31 (Elamipretide)
A side-by-side research comparison of FOXO4-DRI and SS-31 (Elamipretide) across mechanism, dosing, half-life, benefits, side effects and research status.
Comparison table
| Attribute | FOXO4-DRI | SS-31 (Elamipretide) |
|---|---|---|
| Full name | FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso Peptide (Senolytic) | SS-31 / Elamipretide (Bendavia) |
| Category | Anti-Aging | Anti-Aging |
| Status | Research compound | Investigational |
| Mechanism | Competitively disrupts FOXO4 sequestration of p53 in senescent cells, releasing p53 to trigger intrinsic apoptosis selectively in cells relying on this survival mechanism. | Targets cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizes cytochrome c binding, optimizes electron transfer efficiency, and reduces mitochondrial ROS by 50%. |
| Molecular weight | ~4,500 Da | 640.8 Da |
| Half-life | 12-24 hours (D-amino acid stability) | 4-6 hours |
| Bioavailability | Moderate (SubQ) | High (SubQ) |
| Typical dose | 5-10 mg/kg (animal studies) | 5-40 mg |
| Frequency | 3x per week for 3 weeks | Daily |
| Route | Subcutaneous | Subcutaneous or IV |
FOXO4-DRI reported benefits
- Selective senescent cell elimination
- Potential aging reversal
- Improved tissue function
- Reduced inflammatory burden
- Hair regrowth (mice)
SS-31 (Elamipretide) reported benefits
- Mitochondrial function optimization
- Reduced oxidative stress
- Cardioprotection
- Improved exercise capacity
- Renal protection
- Cellular energy
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Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.