Butyrate vs Larazotide
A side-by-side research comparison of Butyrate and Larazotide across mechanism, dosing, half-life, benefits, side effects and research status.
Comparison table
| Attribute | Butyrate | Larazotide |
|---|---|---|
| Full name | Sodium Butyrate / Tributyrin | Larazotide Acetate (AT-1001) |
| Category | Gut Health | Gut Health |
| Status | Dietary supplement | Investigational (Phase 3) |
| Mechanism | Inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs) for anti-inflammatory gene expression. Fuels colonocyte mitochondria via beta-oxidation. Strengthens tight junctions by upregulating claudin-1 and ZO-1. Activates GPR109A to suppress NF-κB. | Acts as a zonulin peptide antagonist, preventing zonulin-mediated disassembly of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudins). Maintains paracellular barrier integrity without systemic absorption. |
| Molecular weight | 110.09 Da (sodium butyrate) | 1026 Da |
| Half-life | ~30-40 minutes (rapidly metabolized by colonocytes) | Not systemically absorbed (local GI action) |
| Bioavailability | Tributyrin: ~60-80% delivery to colon; sodium butyrate: variable | Minimal systemic absorption (acts locally in GI lumen) |
| Typical dose | 300-600 mg tributyrin or 500-2000 mg sodium butyrate | 0.5-1 mg |
| Frequency | 2-3x daily with meals | 3x daily before meals |
| Route | Oral (enteric-coated or tributyrin pro-drug) | Oral capsule |
Butyrate reported benefits
- Colonocyte energy support
- Tight junction integrity
- Reduced GI inflammation
- Healthy microbiome support
- Epigenetic modulation (HDAC inhibition)
- Improved insulin sensitivity
Larazotide reported benefits
- Reduced intestinal permeability
- Decreased GI symptoms
- Tight junction restoration
- Reduced systemic inflammation from gut
- Improved gluten tolerance
Related comparisons
Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.